RF-O2熒光光纖氧氣測(cè)量技術(shù)——氧氣測(cè)量全面解決方案

    RF-O2熒光光纖氧氣測(cè)量技術(shù)是基于REDFLASH光極傳感器技術(shù)的氧氣測(cè)量技術(shù)，由歐洲Pyroscience公司及Graz大學(xué)等科學(xué)家研制生產(chǎn)，由光極氧氣傳感器、測(cè)量?jī)x及軟件組成，廣泛應(yīng)用于環(huán)境科學(xué)、生態(tài)科學(xué)、植物科學(xué)、動(dòng)物科學(xué)、海洋科學(xué)、生物醫(yī)學(xué)、生物技術(shù)、食品科學(xué)等各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，其主要功能特點(diǎn)如下

1. REDFLASH光極氧氣傳感器技術(shù)，高精確度、高穩(wěn)定性、高時(shí)空解析度、低能耗、無(wú)耗氧、無(wú)交叉敏感性
2. 傳感器類型靈活多樣，有探頭式、探針式、非接觸式（sensor spot）及納米微粒式等，適應(yīng)于液體和氣體不同條件下的O2測(cè)量
3. 有內(nèi)置sensor spot的流通管和呼吸瓶，非接觸式測(cè)量流動(dòng)液體的溶解氧及呼吸瓶?jī)?nèi)液體或氣體中氧氣含量
4. 輕便緊湊型FireStingO2測(cè)量?jī)x，內(nèi)置水汽、氣壓傳感器，有1、2、4通道供選配，可分別接1個(gè)、2個(gè)、4個(gè)光極氧氣傳感器，另有Mini型FireStingO2-mini供選配
5. U盤(pán)式PiccolO2測(cè)量?jī)x——世界上zui小的O2測(cè)量?jī)x，可連接一個(gè)O2傳感器，USB口連接電腦，即插即用

測(cè)量原理：

    REDFLASH光極O2傳感器技術(shù)，利用*的O2敏感REDFLASH指示劑，通過(guò)610-630nm調(diào)制紅光激發(fā)，REDFLASH指示劑發(fā)出760-790nm紅外熒光，熒光強(qiáng)度隨接觸的O2分子濃度升高而發(fā)生熒光淬滅，這種熒光動(dòng)態(tài)通過(guò)光纖傳輸?shù)綔y(cè)量?jī)x，測(cè)量?jī)x靈敏地檢測(cè)其相位漂移并據(jù)此換算成O2濃度

應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域：

1. 水體溶解氧測(cè)量監(jiān)測(cè)、藻類及藻類生物膜光合作用與呼吸作用測(cè)量監(jiān)測(cè)
2. 植物光合作用與呼吸作用測(cè)量監(jiān)測(cè)
3. 水生動(dòng)物（魚(yú)類、水生昆蟲(chóng)等無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物、浮游動(dòng)物等呼吸代謝測(cè)量
4. 陸生動(dòng)物、實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物、動(dòng)物組織、血液等呼吸代謝測(cè)量
5. 土壤、濕地、海洋沉積、河湖沉積剖面O2測(cè)量
6. 生物反應(yīng)器、發(fā)酵過(guò)程、酶動(dòng)力學(xué)、細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)等O2測(cè)量監(jiān)測(cè)
7. 糧食食品儲(chǔ)運(yùn)、葡萄酒等O2測(cè)量監(jiān)測(cè)
8. 污水處理、沼氣、垃圾填埋場(chǎng)、有機(jī)物降解等O2測(cè)量監(jiān)測(cè)

技術(shù)指標(biāo)：

1. FireStingO2（FSO2）測(cè)量?jī)x：
   1. 有1通道、2通道、4通道可供選配，分別可接1個(gè)、2個(gè)和4個(gè)O2傳感器，可并聯(lián)組成8通道甚至更多通道；另具備一個(gè)溫度傳感器通道（可選配4通道溫度傳感器）
   2. 激發(fā)光源620nm，監(jiān)測(cè)器760nm（NIR）
   3. 采樣頻率：每秒4次
   4. 內(nèi)置氣壓傳感器，300－1100mbar，0.06mbar分辨率，精確度±3mbar
   5. 內(nèi)置濕度傳感器，0－100%，分辨率0.04%，精確度±0.2%
   6. 內(nèi)置溫度傳感器，-40－125°C，分辨率0.01°C，精確度±0.3°C
   7. 具模擬輸出和自動(dòng)模式，0－2.5VDC
   8. USB接口，通過(guò)USB口PC供電
   9. 大小：68x120x30mm，重350g
2. PiccolO2 U盤(pán)式測(cè)量?jī)x：大小僅15x15x54mm，重量約20g，單通道，激發(fā)光620nm，檢測(cè)器760nm，采樣頻率每秒20次。可并聯(lián)組成多通道測(cè)量系統(tǒng)。可通過(guò)PiccoTHP測(cè)量溫濕度和氣壓并進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償

1. 探頭式O2傳感器：直徑3mm，測(cè)量范圍0-50%（0-23mg/l）（可選配其它范圍），檢測(cè)極限0.02%（0.01mg/l），分辨率0.05%（0.025mg/l）@20% O2，精確度±0.2％（0.1mg/l）@20% O2，zui低使用壽命1千萬(wàn)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，存儲(chǔ)時(shí)間大于3年（室溫暗處儲(chǔ)放）
2. 探針式O2傳感器：有固定探針式、可伸縮探針式、尖頭式及圓頭式等不同類型供選配；探針直徑有50μm、230μm、430μm等規(guī)格；測(cè)量范圍0-50%（0-23mg/l）（可選配其它范圍），檢測(cè)極限0.02%（0.01mg/l），分辨率0.05%（0.025mg/l）@20% O2，精確度±0.2％（0.1mg/l）@20% O2，zui快響應(yīng)時(shí)間小于1s（與探針粗細(xì)有關(guān)），zui低使用壽命1百萬(wàn)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，存儲(chǔ)時(shí)間大于3年（室溫暗處儲(chǔ)放）

1. 非接觸式（sensor spot）O2傳感器（見(jiàn)下左圖）：用于非接觸性測(cè)量監(jiān)測(cè)透明容器中的氧氣含量，傳感器貼用硅膠等貼附在容器內(nèi)壁，通過(guò)固定在外壁的光纖將熒光動(dòng)態(tài)信號(hào)傳輸?shù)綔y(cè)量?jī)x以檢測(cè)O2濃度；測(cè)量范圍0-50%（0-23mg/l）（可選配其它范圍），檢測(cè)極限0.02%（0.01mg/l），分辨率0.05%（0.025mg/l）@20% O2，精確度±0.2％（0.1mg/l）@20% O2，zui低使用壽命2千萬(wàn)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，存儲(chǔ)時(shí)間大于3年（室溫暗處儲(chǔ)放）

1. 納米微粒傳感器（參見(jiàn)上右圖）：納米技術(shù)，用于非接觸性測(cè)量微量液體中O2含量，即時(shí)響應(yīng)，測(cè)量范圍0-50%（0-23mg/l），檢測(cè)極限0.02%（0.01mg/l），分辨率0.05%（0.025mg/l）@20% O2，存儲(chǔ)時(shí)間大于3年（室溫暗處儲(chǔ)放）
2. 流通管：內(nèi)置非接觸式O2傳感器，用于流動(dòng)液體O2測(cè)量監(jiān)測(cè)（如魚(yú)類呼吸代謝測(cè)量等），測(cè)量范圍0-50%（0-23mg/l）（可選配其它范圍），檢測(cè)極限0.02%（0.01mg/l），分辨率0.05%（0.025mg/l）@20% O2，精確度±0.2％（0.1mg/l）@20% O2，zui低使用壽命1千萬(wàn)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，存儲(chǔ)時(shí)間大于3年（室溫暗處儲(chǔ)放）
3. 呼吸瓶：內(nèi)置非接觸式O2傳感器，用于生物呼吸測(cè)量（如藻類、小型魚(yú)類、魚(yú)卵、昆蟲(chóng)等），標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置有4ml和20ml兩種規(guī)格
4. Pyro Oxygen Logger軟件用于參數(shù)設(shè)置、校準(zhǔn)、數(shù)據(jù)顯示包括圖表顯示、數(shù)據(jù)輸出等功能

應(yīng)用案例：

案例1：法國(guó)Bordeaux大學(xué)利用FSO2 4通道熒光光纖氧氣測(cè)量?jī)x，對(duì)Aquitaine海岸沉積樣芯耗氧進(jìn)行了測(cè)量分析，以研究海洋底棲動(dòng)物活動(dòng)（bioirrigation）對(duì)海岸帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)過(guò)程及生物地理化學(xué)功能（如沉積有機(jī)物的再礦化）的影響。

案例2：芬蘭Turku大學(xué)利用FSO2和430μm光極氧探針，對(duì)南瓜類囊體懸浮液光合放氧進(jìn)行了測(cè)量分析。

案例3：美國(guó)Woods Hole海洋學(xué)研究所，利用RF-O2非接觸式光極氧氣傳感器（sensor spot），對(duì)海洋無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物呼吸代謝進(jìn)行了測(cè)量分析，以研究其固有的生物鐘與環(huán)境脅迫的關(guān)系，這些海洋無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物體重只有0.5－50mg。圖中為翼足類軟體動(dòng)物在不同濃度CO2條件下的耗氧率。

案例4：澳大利亞海洋科學(xué)研究所、瑞典Gothenburg大學(xué)等組成的科學(xué)小組，利用Pyroscience的REDFLASH氧氣測(cè)量技術(shù)，對(duì)河鱸（Perca fluviatilis）呼吸代謝進(jìn)行測(cè)量分析，以研究其熱耐受性和適應(yīng)性的生理機(jī)制。他們選擇波羅的海核電站附近的一個(gè)瀉湖，核電站排出的熱水進(jìn)入該瀉湖，在過(guò)去30年大量魚(yú)類因?yàn)椴贿m應(yīng)水溫升高而滅絕，但河鱸卻得以繁盛，該地成為理想的研究氣候變暖對(duì)魚(yú)類種群影響的“天然實(shí)驗(yàn)室”。他們測(cè)量河鱸呼吸代謝率的同時(shí)，還測(cè)量其靜脈血液在溫度升高狀態(tài)下的氧分壓，靜脈血是河鱸心臟供氧的主要來(lái)源，高溫條件下靜脈血氧氣含量被認(rèn)為是其心臟功能的重要限制因子。

案例5：德國(guó)Ulm大學(xué)利用FSO2測(cè)量?jī)x和50μm可伸縮式RFO2探針，對(duì)患者腦脊髓液（CSF）樣品溶解氧進(jìn)行測(cè)量分析，以研究探討神經(jīng)紊亂及神經(jīng)炎等疾病的生理和診斷。

案例6：德國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)與景觀研究機(jī)構(gòu)，利用FSO2測(cè)量?jī)x和RFO2探針，對(duì)土壤氧氣進(jìn)行測(cè)量，以評(píng)估不同種類蚯蚓在低氧條件下對(duì)土壤改良的效率。

案例7：西班牙Valladolid大學(xué)利用RFO2熒光光纖氧氣測(cè)量技術(shù)，監(jiān)測(cè)葡萄酒橡木桶O2吸收——對(duì)葡萄酒品質(zhì)至關(guān)重要但一直以來(lái)缺乏科學(xué)的了解。葡萄酒在橡木桶內(nèi)（3－24個(gè)月）的過(guò)程溶解氧至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)镺2調(diào)節(jié)了葡萄酒整個(gè)的熟化過(guò)程。

近期部分參考文獻(xiàn)：

2015

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2.          The formation of aggregates in coral reef waters under elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon: A mesocosm approach. Cárdenas et al., 2015, Mar Chem, in press

3.          Efficient gas–liquid contact using microfluidic membrane devices with staggered herringbone mixers. Femmer et al., 2015, Lab on a Chip: DOI: 10.1039/C5LC00428D

4.          Three-dimensional structure and cyanobacterial activity within a desert biological soil crust?Raanan et al., 2015, Environ Microbiol: doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12859

5.          Photoacoustic lifetime imaging for direct in vivo tissue oxygen monitoring?Shao, Q. & Ashkenazi, S., 2015, J Biomed Optics 20(3): doi:10.1117/1.JBO.20.3.036004

6.          Laccase mediated oxidation of industrial lignins: Is oxygen limiting??Ortner et al., 2015, Process Biochem Vol 50 (8): 1277-1283

7.          Increased gastrointestinal blood flow: An essential circulatory modification for euryhaline rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) migrating to sea?Brijs et al., 2015, Scientific Reports 5, Article number:10430: doi:10.1038/srep10430

8.          Not so monofunctional—a case of thermostable Thermobifida fusca catalase with peroxidase activity?Loncar, N. & Fraaije, M.W., 2015, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Vol 99 (5): 2225-2232

9.          An Assessment of the Precision and Confidence of Aquatic Eddy Correlation Measurements?Donis et al., 2015, J Atmos Oceanic Technol 32 (3): 642–655

10.      Pharmaceuticals and personal care products alter growth and function in lentic biofilms?Shaw et al., 2015, Environ Chem 12(3): 301-306

11.      Futile cycling increases sensitivity toward oxidative stress in Escherichia coli. Adolfsen K.J & Brynildsen M.P., 2015, Metabolic Engin Vol 29: 26-35

12.      Accumulation of Basic Amino Acids at Mitochondria Dictates the Cytotoxicity of Aberrant Ubiquitin?Braun et al., 2015, Cell Reports Vol 10 (9): 1557-1571

13.      O2 mass transfer in an oscillatory flow reactor provided with smooth periodic constrictions. Individual characterization of kL and a. Ferreira et al., 2015, Chem Eng J Vol 262: 499-508

14.      Flexibility in metabolic rate confers a growth advantage under changing food availability?Auer et al., 2015, J Animal Ecol: doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12384

15.      Oxygen metabolism and pH in coastal ecosystems: Eddy Covariance Hydrogen ion and Oxygen Exchange System (ECHOES)?Long et al., 2015, Limnol Oceanogr: Methods, DOI: 10.1002/lom3.10038

2014

1.          Ocean acidification rapidly reduces dinitrogen fixation associated with the hermatypic coral Seriatopora hystrix. Rädecker et al., 2014, Mar Ecol Progr Ser Vol 511: 297-302

2.          All puffed out: do pufferfish hold their breath while inflated??McGee, G.E. & Clark, T.D., 2014, Biol Lett Vol 10: 20140823

3.          Spectral Effects on Symbiodinium Photobiology Studied with a Programmable Light Engine. Wangpraseurt et al., 2014, PLOS One 9: e112809.

4.          The energetic cost of foraging explains growth anomalies in tadpoles exposed to predators?Barry, M.J., 2014, Physiol Biochem Zool Vol 87: 829-836

5.          A product of its environment: the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) exhibits physiological tolerance to elevated environmental CO2?Heinrich et al., 2014, Conserv Physiol Vol 2 (1): doi: 10.1093/conphys/cou047

6.          Oxygen-Dependent Control of Respiratory Nitrate Reduction in Mycelium of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).?Fischer et al., 2014, J Bacteriol Vol 196 (23): 4152-4162

7.          A respiratory nitrate reductase active exclusively in resting spores of the obligate aerobe Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)?Fischer et al., 2014, Mol Microbiol Vol 89 (6):1259-73

8.          Growth trajectory influences temperature preference in fish through an effect on metabolic rate?Killen, S., 2014, J Animal Ecol Vol 83 (6): 1513-1522

9.          Colored ceramic foams with tailored pore size and surface functionalization used as spawning plates for fish breeding?Kroll et al., 2014, Ceramics International Vol. 40 (10): 15763-15773

10.      Aerobic scope predicts dominance during early life in a tropical damselfish?Killen et al., 2014, Functional Ecol Vol 28 (6): 1367-1376

11.      European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, in a changing ocean?Pope et al., 2014, Biogeosciences Vol 11: 2519-2530

12.      Marine rust tubercles harbour iron corroding archaea and sulphate reducing bacteria?Usher et al., 2014, Corrosion Science Vol 83: 189-197

13.      Magnetic optical sensor particles: a flexible analytical tool for microfluidic devices. Ungerböck et al., 2014, Analyst Vol 139: 2551-2559

14.      Investigation and correction of the interference of ethanol, sugar and phenols on dissolved oxygen measurement in wine?Alamo-Sanza et al., 2014, Anal Chim Acta Vol 809: 162-173

15.      Bioresponsive polymers for the detection of bacterial contaminations in plaet concentrates?Gamerith et al., 2014, New Biotechnol Vol 31 (2): 150-155

16.      Life on the edge: thermal optima for aerobic scope of equatorial reef fishes are close to current day temperatures?Rummer & Couturier, 2014, Global Change Biol Vol 20 (4): 1055-1066

17.      The effect of diel temperature and light cycles on the growth of Nannochloropsis oculata in a photobioreactor matrix. Tamburic et al., 2014, PLOS One, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086047

18.      Radiative energy budget reveals high photosynthetic efficiency in symbiont-bearing corals?Brodersen et al., 2014, J R Soc Interface Vol 11 (93), DOI: 10.1098/ rsif.2013.0997

19.      The isotope effect of denitrification in permeable sediments. Kessler et al., 2014, Geochim Cosmochim Acta Vol 133: 156-167

20.      Discovery and characterization of a 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase from Methylovorus sp. Strain MP688?Dijkman & Fraaije, 2014, Appl Environ Microbiol Vol 80 (3): 1082-1090

21.      Amperometric glucose sensing with polyaniline/poly(acrylic acid) composite film bearing covalently-immobilized glucose oxidase: A novel method combining enzymatic glucose oxidation and cathodic O2 reduction. Homma et al., 2014, J Electroanal Chem Vol 712: 119-123

22.      C*tion and isolation of N2-fixing bacteria from suboxic waters in the Baltic Sea?Bentzon-Tilia et al., 2014, FEMS Microbiol Ecol Vol 88 (2): 358-371

23.      Coenzyme regeneration catalyzed by NADH oxidase from Lactococcus lactis. Sudar et al., 2014, Biochem Engin J Vol 88: 12-18

24.      Temporary storage or permanent removal? The division of nitrogen between biotic assimilation and denitrification in stormwater biofiltration systems?Payne et al., 2014, PLOS One, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090890

25.      Increased rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) under oxic conditions in a periodically hypoxic estuary?Roberts et al., 2014, Geochim Cosmochim Acta Vol 133: 313-324

26.      Compartmentalized microbial composition, oxygen gradients and nitrogen fixation in the gut of Odontotaenius disjunctus. Ceja-Navarro et al., 2014, The ISME J Vol 8: 6-18

27.      Optimum temperatures for growth and feed conversion in cultured hapuku (Polyprion oxygeneios) – Is there a link to aerobic metabolic scope and final temperature preference??Khan et al., 2014, Aquaculture Vol 430: 107-113

28.      Aerobic scope does not predict the performance of a tropical eurythermal fish at elevated temperatures?Norin et al., 2014, J Exp Biol Vol 217: 244-251

29.      Aquatic Eddy Correlation: Quantifying the Artificial Flux Caused by Stirring-Sensitive O2 Sensors?Holtappels et al., 2015, PLoS ONE 10(1):e0116564. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116564

30.      Decreased light availability can amplify negative impacts of ocean acidification on calcifying coral reef organisms?Vogel et al., 2015, Mar Ecol Progr Ser Vol 521: 49-61

31.      Physiological and ecological performance differs in four coral taxa at a volcanic carbon dioxide seep?Strahl et al., 2015, Comp Biochem Physiol, Part A Vol 184: 179-186

32.      Novel use of a micro-optode in overcoming the negative influence of the amperometric micro-probe on localized corrosion measurements?Taryba et al., 2015, Corrosion Science, accepted

33.      The effect of temperature and ration size on specific dynamic action and production performance in juvenile hapuku (Polyprion oxygeneios)?Khan et al., Aquaculture Vol 437: 67-74

34.      The effect of temperature and body size on metabolic scope of activity in juvenile Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L?Tirsgaard et al., 2015, Comp Biochem & Physiol Part A: Mol & Integr Physiol Vol 179: 89-94